Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 55.

Macular degeneration is the physical disturbance of the centre of the retina called the macular. The macular, which is about the size of the capital letter ‘O’ in this sentence, is the part of the retina that is capable of our most acute and detailed vision.  We use the macular for reading, driving, recognising faces, watching television, and for doing finely detailed work.

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 55.  However, even with the loss of central vision, colour vision and peripheral vision may remain clear.  Vision loss usually occurs gradually and can affect each eye differently.

Macular degeneration appears to be hereditary in some families but not in others.  Since macular degeneration affects most patients later in life, it is difficult to study successive generations in a family.  Recent studies of twins indicate that both genetic and non-genetic factors play important roles in age-related macular degeneration.  Research to determine the genes associated with hereditary macular degeneration will help lead to early detection, early intervention, and possible cures.

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

1.    Difficulty reading or doing other activities that require fine vision
2.    Distortion - where straight lines appear wavy or bent
3.    Problems with distinguishing faces
4.    Dark patches or empty spaces appearing in the centre of your vision

If you experience decreased night vision, sensitivity to glare, the need for increased light, or poor colour sensitivity, this may also indicate something is wrong.  If you have any of the symptoms listed above, you should immediately seek help from a medical eye specialist (ophthalmologist).

Is Early Detection Important?

Early detection is crucial. People destined to develop macular degeneration can sometimes be treated before symptoms appear, and this may reduce the severity of the disease and therefore reduce the degree of vision loss.  Better treatments for macular degeneration are continually being researched, and these include medications, surgical techniques, and better low-vision aids.

Can Nutrition Help Treat Macular Degeneration?

Some scientists have suggested an association between macular degeneration and high saturated fat, low carotenoid pigments, and other substances in the diet. There is evidence that eating fresh fruits and dark green, leafy vegetables (such as spinach and collard greens) may delay or reduce the severity of age-related macular degeneration. Taking anti-oxidants like Vitamins C and E may also have positive results. Selenium and Lutein are also sometimes recommended, but you should always consult your physician to determine appropriate dosage. There is continued research in the areas of nutrition and supplements, and their effect on macular degeneration.

Macular Degeneration Research

The Eye Foundation’s Fight Retinal Blindness! Project is investigating the safety, effectiveness and possible adverse outcomes of new treatments for macular degeneration (such as injections into the eye). The risks and benefits of these new treatments will be tracked in participating ophthalmic practices. You can find out more about this project here.