Cataract is the eye condition responsible for the largest single direct health cost in Australia. In 2004 it was estimated that almost 1.5 million Australians aged 55 or over had cataracts.

About Cataracts

A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye. The lens is mostly water and protein, with the protein arranged to let light pass through and focus on the retina.  Sometimes the protein clumps together and clouds a small area of the lens. This is a cataract. Over time, the cataract may grow larger and cloud more of the lens, making it hard to see. Left untreated, cataracts can cause blindness.

The most common causes of cataract

1. Age-related cataract - most cataracts are related to ageing, and most often occur over the age of 60.
2. Congenital cataract - some babies are born with cataracts or develop them in childhood.  If these cataracts affect vision, they may need to be removed.
3. Secondary cataract - cataracts can also be linked to a number of other health issues, such as diabetes or the use of steroids.
4. Traumatic cataract - cataracts may develop after an eye injury.

Exposure to bright sunlight can increase the risk of developing cataracts, and new studies suggest nutrition may play a greater role in preventing cataracts than previously thought. Antioxidants (vitamins A, C and E), the use of polyunsaturated fat, and consuming higher amounts of protein may protect against the development of cataracts.

Symptoms of Cataract

Because cataracts develop slowly, it is rare to notice a sudden change in vision.  Many people with cataracts are unaware their vision is deteriorating, and may continue to drive with vision below the legal limit. Common symptoms of cataract are:

1. Sensitivity to glare and bright lights (especially when driving)
2. Clouded or blurred vision (near or distance vision)
3. Halos around lights (especially at night)
4. Washed-out colours
5. Double vision or multiple images in one eye
6. Frequent spectacle prescription changes